I. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1.In recent years, scientific and technological developments have drastically changed life on our planet as well as our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of entire Universe as a whole. 2.Today, science and technology are closely related. Many modern technologies such as nuclear power and space flights depend on science and the application of scientific knowledge and principles. Each advance in pure science creates new opportunities for the development of new ways of making things to be used in daily life. In turn, technology provides science with new and more accurate instruments for its investigation and research. 3.Technology refers to the ways in which people use discoveries to satisfy needs and desires, to alter the environment, to improve their lives. Throughout human history, men and women have invented tools, machines, materials and techniques, to make their lives easier. 4.Of course, when we speak of technology today, we are looking at it in a much narrower sense. Generally, we mean industrial technology, or the technology that began about 200 years ago with the development of power-driven machines, growth of the factory system, and mass production of goods that has created the basis for our modern society. Today we often say that we live in an age of science and technology. According to one estimate, 90 % of all the scientists who ever lived, were alive and active in the 1970-s. This increased scientific activity has brought new ideas, processes, and inventions in ever-growing amount. 5.The scientific revolution that began in the 16th century was the first time that science and technology began to work together. Thus, Galileo, who made revolutionary discoveries in astronomy and physics, also built an improved telescope and patented a system of lifting water. However, it was not until the 19th century that technology truly was based on science and inventors began to build on the work of scientists. For example, Thomas Edison built on the early experiments of Faraday and Henry in his invention of the first practical system of electrical lighting. So too, Edison carried on his investigations until he found the carbon filament for the electric bulb in a research laboratory. This was the first true modern technological research. 6.In a sense, the history of science and technology is the history of all humankind.
Примечания к тексту: both…and – как…, так и advance – продвижение drastically – круто, решительно inturn – в свою очередь in a much narrower sense – в болееузкомсмысле humankind – человечество filament – нить накала
II. EXERCISES:
1. Найдите в тексте синонимы к следующим словам и запишите их.
Up-to-date, progress, possibilities, precise, requirements, to change, to make better, quantity,
usuall clean, to apply.
2. Найдте русские эквиваленты к следующим английским словам запомните их.
A B 1. development 1. исследование 2. as a whole 2. научный 3. closely 3. согласно чему-либо 4. application 4. изобретать 5. to provide 5. тесно, близко 6. investigation 6. открытие 7. to invent 7. снабжать, обеспечивать 8. scientific 8. развитие, разработка 9. according to 9.в целом 10.discovery 10. применение
3. Составьте из следующих слов законченные предложения, обращая внимание на порядок слов.
1) play, technology, a, our, life, science, part, great, in, daily, and 2) to satisfy, discoveries, use, people, and, desires, needs 3) this, research, first, technological, was, modern, the.
4. Дайте развернутый ответ на вопросы по тексту (выполняется письменно)
1)Why do many modern technologies depend on science? 2)What is a technology in a narrow sense? 3)Why do we say that we live in the age of science and technology?
TEST
1. Соедините подходящие по смыслу части предложения
1. Many modern technologies depend … a) lived and worked in the 1970s. 2. The history of science and technology… b) until he found the filament for the electric bulb. 3. 90% of all the scientists… c) with new instruments for its investigation and research. 4. Edison carried on his investigations… d) on science and the applica- tion of scientific knowledge. 5. Technology provides science… e) is the history of all mankind.
2. Прочитайте следующие утверждения и определите, являются ли они согласно тексту верными (T), неверными (F) или не обсуждаются вообще (N).
1. Science and technology are not related at all. 2. The application of the latest achievements in industry demands great knowledge and good polytechnical training. 3. The scientific revolution began in the 16th century. 4. Galileo made revolutionary discoveries in astronomy and physics.
5 Обязательные задания для выполнения
5. Faraday found the filament for the electric bulb.
3. Расположите следующие предложения в таком порядке, чтобы получилось краткое изложение содержания текста.
1. The history of science and technology is the history of all mankind. 2. Today science and technology are closely related. 3. Scientific and technological developments have changed life on our planet. 4. Throughout human history men and women have invented tools, machines, materials and techniques to make their lives easier. 5. 90 % of all the scientists lived and worked in the 1970-s.
Выполните грамматические задания.
1. Выберите правильный вариант ответа, употребив PastSimpleorPresentPerfect
Michael went/has gone to Washington last week to visit his parents. My sister has got/got married in Moscow in 2007. Beethoven was/has been a great composer. It hasn't rained/didn'train this week. Have/Did you seen/see Ann recently?
2. Исправьте ошибки в предложениях. Правильные предложения отметьте словом "RIGHT".
1. Tom has lost his key yesterday. 2. It snowed a lot last winter. 3. I called him 3 times already. 4. We have met with our friends last weekend. 5. I have known him most of my life. 6. I work in a travel agency. Before that I worked in a shop. 7. The plane has landed 20 minutes ago. 8. It is my first car. I never drove a car before.
3. Дайте полный ответ на вопросы.
Пример: When did you go to the theatre? (last Saturday) - I went to the theatre last Saturday. 1. How many times have you been to China? (never) 2. How long have they known each other? (sincechildhood) 3. When did Jane leave school? (in 2000) 4. Where did you go yesterday? (tothepark) 5. Who has he just talked to? (hismother)
4. Внимательно прочитайте предложения и вставьте глагол в правильном времени – PastSimple или PresentPerfect.
1. lose a) I ... my key last Monday. b) I ... my key, I can't open the door. 2. live a) They ... together for 3 years. b) My cousin ... in the countryside when he was little.
3. go a) ... you ... to the party? b) ... she ... to the party already? 4. graduate a) My eldest son ... from University in 2010. b) I just ... from my University. 5. hear a) When ... you ... from them last time? b) ... you ... anything from him recently?
